Dementia is a broad category of brain diseases that causes a long term and often gradual decrease in the ability to think and remember that is great enough to affect a person's daily functioning. Alzheimer’s disease is the most common type of disease which covers 50-70% cases. The common symptoms of Dementia include emotional constraints, a problem in finding words, lack of motivation etc. The severity of Dementia increases with a person’s age. The other common types of diseases which include Dementia are Vascular dementia, Lewy body dementia and Frontotemporal dementia. Worldwide, with Dementia or Related disorders nearly 44 million people have suffered in 2015, past results showed 35.66 million population lived with Dementia worldwide in the year 2010, with numbers expected to nearly double every twenty years, to 65.7 million in 2030 and 115.4 million in 2050. In 2010, fifty-eight per cent of all population with dementia lived in countries with lower or moderate incomes, with this proportion anticipated to rise to 63% till 2030 and 71% by 2050. This condition is anticipated to double by 2030 and quite triple by 2050 to 115 million.

Geriatrics or geriatric medication may be a speciality that focuses on the health care of older people. It aims to push health by preventing and treating diseases and disabilities in older adults. there's no set age at that patients are also underneath the care of a specialist or geriatric MD; an MD United Nations agency makes a speciality of the care of older people. Rather, this call is set by the individual patient’s needs, and therefore the availableness of a specialist. It’s vital to notice the distinction between gerontology, the care of aged people, and geriatrics, that is that the study of the ageing method itself. Cognitive disorders square measure a class of mental state disorders that primarily influence learning, memory, perception, and drawback determination, and embody blackout, dementia, and delirium. Whereas anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and psychotic disorders can even have an effect on psychological feature and memory functions, the DSM-IV-TR doesn't contemplate these psychological feature disorders, because of the loss of cognitive function is not the primary (causal) symptom. Causes vary between the various sorts of disorders, however, must include damage to the memory parts of the brain. Treatments rely on however the disorder is caused. Medication and therapies square measure the foremost common treatments but, for a few sorts of disorders like amnesia, treatments will suppress the symptoms however there is presently no cure.

Alzheimer is the most common category of Dementia. It is a chronic neurodegenerative disorder and caused by brain cell death. The symptoms of brain cell death are memory loss, disorientation and cognitive decline. The size of the brain shrinks and the nerve cells and attachments in the tissues progressively reduced, which cannot be diagnosed in the living brain affected by Alzheimer's disease, post- mortem/autopsy will always show tiny inclusions in the nerve tissues, called as plaques and tangles. Plaques are found between the dying cells in the brain - from the build-up of a protein called Beta-amyloid (amyloid plaques). The tangles exist in the brain neurons, from the disintegration of the second protein, called Tau. There are no existing treatments or preventive measures to stop or cure Alzheimer’s. Most of the patients with Alzheimer’s are above 65 years of age but 4-5% cases are of early onset Alzheimer’s.

Parkinson's disease Dementia is a cognitive decline in thinking and reasoning that develops in the person diagnosed with Parkinson's disease at least a year earlier. Nearly one million people in the US are living with Parkinson's disease. The cause is unknown, and although there is presently no cure, there are treatment options such as medication and surgery to manage its symptoms. Hence this conference will provide a platform to discuss the problem.

Neurodegeneration is the progressive loss of structure or function of neurons, including the death of the nerve cells. It can cause your brain and nerves to deteriorate over time. The neurological conditions in which the Dementia occurs include some disorders like Parkinson's disease, Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus, Huntington's disease, and Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease (CJD). These diseases mimic Dementia or have Dementia as a major sign in the disease. The genetic factors are responsible for the establishment of disorders like Parkinson’s disease, Down Syndrome, Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, Normal Pressure Hydrocephalus. The other factors for Dementia include physical factors like head injuries and Traumatic brain injuries.

Vascular dementia is the second most common type of Dementia after Alzheimer’s Disease. It is also called  Multi-Infarct Dementia (MID) and Vascular Intellectual Impedance (VCI), is caused by issues in the supply of blood to the mind, normally a progression of minor strokes. Dementia is a general term describing problems with reasoning, planning, judgment, memory, and other thought processes caused by brain damage from impaired blood flow to your brain. People with dementia give dynamic subjective hindrance, intensely or subacutely as in mellow psychological debilitation, every now and again step-wise, after various cerebrovascular occasions (strokes). A few people may seem to enhance amongst occasions and decrease after more noiseless strokes. A quickly decaying condition may prompt demise from a stroke, coronary illness, or infection. Dementia can be caused by ischemic or haemorrhagic infarcts influencing numerous mind regions, including the foremost cerebral supply route domain, the parietal projections, or the cingulate gyrus.

The action of a drug on the nervous system and the neural mechanisms through which they influence behaviour is studied in neuropharmacology. Studying these interactions will help the researchers in developing drugs to treat neurological disorders, psychological disorders, pain, addiction and other diseases. Drug development in Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease is based on evolving pathophysiological theory. Disease-modifying approaches include the targeting of amyloid processing, aggregation of tau, insulin signalling, neuroinflammation and neurotransmitter dysfunction, with efforts, thus far yielding abandoned hopes and ongoing promise. Reflecting its dominance on the pathophysiological stage the amyloid cascade is central to many of the emerging drug therapies. Rigorous clinical trials on Dementia drugs are continuing in the USA and UK under the guidance of Alzheimer's society and it is reported that there is very less participation of people. Most of the drugs are in the second and third phases. New medications for Dementia being developed in 2014/2015, 31% were named symptoms modifying. Such Dementia meetings will help researchers to know target areas for Drug development in Dementia and work towards it and also Dementia conferences exhibit clinical trial medications and offer positivity to discover new approaches in curing Dementia.

Neuroepigenetics is the field in Neurobiology that replaces the conventional thoughts on heritable epigenetic mechanisms, which involves in histone and chromatin modification which results in the variable expression of genes in the CNS. The numerous Neuroepigenetic mechanisms have been involved in several neurological and neurodegenerative diseases for the regulation of various epigenetic mechanisms. All the mechanisms in epigenetics will have a biochemical characteristic such that it helps in the regulation process. The basic principle of Neuroepigenetics is that once DNA methylation patterns are established upon the genome in terminally differentiated cells, those modifications are permanent and essentially immutable. Other epigenetic molecular mechanisms are also in play in neurons. Some are ATP-dependent chromatin remodelling, genomic imprinting, SNF2 chromatin remodelling.

The amyloid plaques and neurofibrillary tangles formation are thought to contribute to the degradation of the neurons (nerve cells) in the brain and the subsequent symptoms of Alzheimer's disease.Amyloid Plaques: One of the hallmarks of Alzheimer's disease is the accumulation of amyloid plaques between nerve cells (neurons) in the brain. Amyloid generally indicates protein fragments that the body produces normally. Beta-amyloid is a protein fragment from an amyloid precursor protein (APP). In a healthy brain, these protein fragments are broken down and get eliminated. In Alzheimer, the fragments get accumulated to form hard & insoluble plaques. Neurofibrillary tangles are insoluble twisted fibres found inside the brain's cells, consisting primarily of a protein called tau, which forms a structure called a microtubule. Transport of nutrients and other important substances from one part of the nerve cell to another done by the help of microtubule. In Alzheimer's disease, the tau protein is abnormal and results in the collapse of the microtubule structures.This session includes Amyloid Protein and Alzheimer’s Disease, Amyloid beta metabolism in Alzheimer’s, Brain accumulation of toxic amyloid beta, Amyloid Plaques and Neurofibrillary Tangles, Amyloid Neuroimaging and biomarkers, Amyloidosis and Neurodegeneration, The amyloid hypothesis and potential treatments, Amyloid beta deposition, cognition and brain volume.

Bioinformatics advent can be used to regulate and evaluate data from the current high-throughput research technologies and render means for novel discoveries in the field of neurodegenerative diseases. It is reported that there is very little published data on Epigenomics. It is said that the data are obtained from high throughput technologies in the screening of the human brain. These data intend the upcoming researchers to know and design their experiments. Data Mining plays an important role in the prediction of the disorder, where the actual data is compared with the real data and the results are interpreted. The Transcriptomics and Proteomics studies have also been carried out providing necessary solutions for the problems.

The assessment of Dementia in needed to rule out similar symptoms showing to such diseases such as depression, delirium which is curable. It is necessary to provide time to Dementia patients to plan the future and make them literate about the possible effects in the future. There are various tests for diagnosing Dementia such as Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), Mental Score Test, Trail Making Test.  MMSE test includes a series of exercises in which various problems are checked with memory, speech, ability to respond. A blood test is also done to check levels of vitamin B12 and Thyroid hormones, which may be responsible. 

Dementia is challenging to prevent because its causes are frequently unknown. However, individuals with Dementia brought on by a stroke might be able to delay further losses by reducing their risk of heart disease and stroke. These tactics can improve your general health even if you don't have these known risks Reduced blood pressure, talk about diabetes, give up smoking, Reach and keep a healthy weight, Increase your level of exercise.

Dementia is a predominant disorder that affects a greater number of people around the world. Diagnosis of the patient with Dementia frightens the person affected by the syndrome, their family members and caretakers. A better understanding of public awareness of Dementia aids more effective health and social policies. Dementia patients need assistance and full-time care as much as drugs. Some common care practices in Dementia are assistance in food and fluid consumption, pain management, social engagement ensuring safety and security of Dementia patients. The main aim of care practices is to ensure cut in hospitalization and psychotropic drugs. Understanding patient’s mood changes, particular behaviour, speech problems and help in rectifying them. Dementia patients need end of life care, so qualified nursing staff is needed. Few care practices which are used are indoor and outdoor activities, visual and audio stimulation, Art therapy. Care practices in Dementia have been critical to engage in International Dementia meetings. In order to evolve in Dementia care, world gathering and genuine talks on Dementia care are required. The Dementia conference discusses public awareness as well as care practices to achieve a higher rate of early diagnosis and to decrease the distress among the patient, family and caregivers.