The term dementia refers to a general deterioration in mental function that interferes with day-to-day functioning. Numerous disorders of the brain that harm nerve cells are the cause of it. Typical symptoms include mood and behavior changes, cognitive difficulties, linguistic issues, and memory loss. Although Alzheimer's disease is the most prevalent cause, it can also result from other disorders such as frontotemporal dementia, Lewy body dementia, and vascular dementia. Age, family history, and lifestyle are risk factors. There is no cure, but there are therapies that can help control symptoms and enhance quality of life.

Track 1-1: Mixed dementia

Track 1-2: Frontotemporal dementia

Track 1-3: Lewy body dementia

Track 1-4: Vascular dementia

Track 1-5: Alzheimer's disease

Alzheimer's disease is a degenerative brain illness that gradually impairs cognitive and memory abilities. Millions of people worldwide are impacted by it, making it the primary cause of dementia. Memory loss, cognitive and linguistic difficulties, and behavioral and emotional disturbances are some of the symptoms. Although the precise etiology is unknown, aberrant protein accumulation in the brain is believed to be a contributing factor. Treatments are available to control symptoms and decrease the disease's course, but there is yet no cure. Age, family history, and genetics are important risk factors.

Track 2-1: Mixed dementia

Track 2-2: Early-Onset Alzheimer's Disease

Track 2-3: Hippocampal-Sparing Alzheimer's Disease

Track 2-4: Limbic-Predominant Alzheimer's Disease

Track 2-5: Typical Alzheimer's Disease

Parkinson's disease is a degenerative neurological condition that impairs mobility, leading to slow motions, stiffness, tremors, and issues with balance and coordination. It is caused by the brain's dopamine-producing nerve cells degenerating. Dopamine is a neurotransmitter that is necessary for controlling smooth muscles. Usually, the symptoms start out mildly and get worse with time. There is no known cure, but there are a number of therapies that can help control the symptoms and enhance the lives of people who are impacted.

Track 3-1: Parkinsonism Plus Syndromes

Track 3-2: Drug-Induced Parkinsonism

Track 3-3: Atypical Parkinsonism

Track 3-4: Genetic Parkinson's Disease

Track 3-5: Idiopathic Parkinson's Disease

Parts of the nervous system, particularly the brain, can be gradually damaged and destroyed by a group of illnesses known as neurodegenerative diseases. Degeneration of nerve cells brought on by these illnesses impairs movement, cognition, and other body processes. Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, ALS, and multiple sclerosis are well-known instances. Current research attempts to identify treatments that can delay the progression of these diseases and improve the quality of life for individuals who are afflicted, despite the fact that there is currently no cure.

Track 4-1: Neurodegenerative Diseases Primarily Affecting the Brain

Track 4-2: Neurodegenerative Diseases Primarily Affecting the Motor Neurons

Track 4-3: Neurodegenerative Diseases Primarily Affecting the Myelin Sheath

Track 4-4: Neurodegenerative Diseases with Mixed Features

Track 4-5: Prion Diseases

Over time, dementia worsens because it is a progressive condition. It is frequently divided into phases in order to better understand its progression and arrange for appropriate treatment. People have trouble with difficult tasks and minor memory loss in the early stages. As the illness progresses, memory, cognition, language, and behavior are all affected by the worsening symptoms. People may require a great deal of assistance with everyday tasks in the later stages, and their communication skills may deteriorate dramatically.

Track 5-1: Middle Stage Dementia

Track 5-2: Early-Stage Dementia

Track 5-3: Moderately Severe Dementia

Track 5-4: Severe Dementia

Track 5-5: Early Stage

Damage to the brain's blood arteries, which can be brought on by conditions including diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, and stroke, can result in vascular dementia. The degree and location of brain injury can have a significant impact on the symptoms of vascular dementia. Memory loss, trouble thinking and solving problems, behavioral and emotional changes, and physical difficulties are typical symptoms. Vascular dementia cannot be cured, but its advancement can be slowed or prevented by managing risk factors and addressing underlying medical disorders.

Track 6-1: Post-Stroke Dementia

Track 6-2: Binswanger's Disease

Track 6-3: Mixed Cortical and Subcortical Dementia

Track 6-4: Subcortical Vascular Dementia

Track 6-5: Cortical Vascular Dementia

A collection of brain disorders known as frontotemporal dementia (FTD) mostly affect the frontal and temporal lobes, leading to alterations in behavior, language, and personality. Although symptoms might vary greatly, they frequently include poor decision-making skills, impulsive behavior, diminished empathy, and linguistic barriers. While there isn't a cure for FTD, there are treatments that can help people manage their symptoms and improve their quality of life.

Track 7-1: Semantic Dementia

Track 7-2: Primary Progressive Aphasia

Track 7-3: Motor Neuron Disease

Track 7-4: Mixed Variant

Track 7-5: Behavioral Variant Frontotemporal Dementia

A field of study called neuropharmacology studies how medications affect the nervous system, with a particular emphasis on how they affect behavior, brain function, and neurotransmitter systems. Researchers and medical experts can develop novel therapies for neurological and mental disorders like anxiety, depression, Parkinson's disease, and Alzheimer's disease by examining these connections. This area is crucial for the development, clinical application, and discovery of new drugs, which advances the treatment of a range of neurological and mental health conditions.

Track 8-1: Neurotransmitter Systems

Track 8-2: Neuropsychopharmacology

Track 8-3: Neuropharmacology of Addiction

Track 8-4: Neuropharmacology of Neurodegenerative Diseases

Track 8-5: Clinical Neuropharmacology

The medical field of geriatrics is devoted to the treatment and well-being of senior citizens. Seniors' and their families' quality of life is significantly impacted by dementia and cognitive problems, which are common concerns in geriatric care. Dementia is the term for a reduction in mental capacity that interferes with day-to-day functioning and is frequently brought on by illnesses such as Alzheimer's disease. A broader range of problems that affect memory, thinking, and problem-solving abilities are referred to as cognitive disorders. In order to manage these illnesses and improve the well-being of older people, early detection, comprehensive examination, and appropriate therapies are essential.

Track 9-1: Alzheimer's Disease

Track 9-2: Vascular Dementia

Track 9-3: Lewy Body Dementia

Track 9-4: Frontotemporal Dementia

Track 9-5: Delirium

Neuroepigenetics is the study of how experiences and environmental influences can affect brain gene expression, altering behavior, cognition, and vulnerability to neurodegenerative illnesses. Without changing the DNA sequence itself, epigenetic modifications like DNA methylation and histone acetylation can impact how genes function. Stress, nutrition, and social interactions are among of the variables that might affect these changes, which may have long-term consequences for brain function. Neuroepigenetics sheds important light on the intricate interplay between environment and heredity that shapes brain health and illness.

Track 10-1: DNA Methylation

Track 10-2: Histone Modifications

Track 10-3: Non-coding RNA

Track 10-4: Epigenetic Clocks

Track 10-5: Environmental Epigenetics

Everyone experiences the normal process of aging, and as people age, their risk of dementia rises. While aging does not directly cause dementia, it can exacerbate diseases like vascular dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Our brains undergo changes as we age, including the death of brain cells and the accumulation of toxic proteins, which can affect memory, thinking, and cognitive function and increase the risk of dementia. However, not all elderly people get dementia, and a person's risk of getting dementia is influenced by a number of factors, including lifestyle decisions and genetic predisposition.

Track 11-1: Alzheimer's Disease and Aging

Track 11-2: Vascular Dementia and Aging

Track 11-3: Cognitive Reserve and Aging

Track 11-4: Aging and Mild Cognitive Impairment

Track 11-5: Aging and Depression

Amyloid beta (Aβ) protein is a key factor in the development of Alzheimer's disease and other types of dementia. It is a naturally occurring protein that is usually broken down and removed from the brain under normal conditions. However, in Alzheimer's disease, Aβ builds up and forms plaques between nerve cells. These plaques interfere with neuron communication, causing cell death and cognitive decline. While Aβ plays a central role in Alzheimer's, other factors, including inflammation and neurofibrillary tangles, also contribute to the progression of the disease.

Track 12-1: Amyloid Beta (Aβ) Production and Clearance   

Track 12-2: Aβ Aggregation and Plaque Formation

Track 12-3: Aβ-Induced Neurotoxicity

Track 12-4: Aβ and Tau Protein Interactions

Track 12-5: Aβ as a Therapeutic Target

The field of bioinformatics, which blends computer science and biology, offers useful resources for comprehending and treating dementia. Through the analysis of enormous volumes of genetic, genomic, and proteomic data, scientists are able to determine prospective therapeutic targets, discover genetic risk factors, and unravel the molecular mechanisms behind the course of disease. Personalized treatment regimens, accelerated drug development, and disease start prediction are all made possible by bioinformatics techniques like machine learning and artificial intelligence. To find early biomarkers and monitor the course of the disease, bioinformatics also helps with the analysis of neuroimaging data.

Track 13-1: Genome-Wide Association Studies

Track 13-2: Transcriptomics

Track 13-3: Proteomics

Track 13-4: Metabolomics

Track 13-5: Machine Learning and Artificial Intelligence

Early detection and accuracy have been significantly improved by recent advancements in dementia diagnosis. Neuroimaging techniques such as MRI and PET scans help detect early indicators of neurodegeneration and provide valuable information on the structure and function of the brain. Amyloid beta and tau proteins are two examples of biomarkers that can be found in blood or cerebrospinal fluid to monitor the course of a disease. Additionally, cognitive evaluations and neuropsychological exams aid in identifying certain deficiencies and assessing cognitive capacities. Healthcare professionals can identify patients more accurately by combining these methods, which may allow for earlier interventions that could reduce the disease's progression.

Track 14-1: Genetic Testing

Track 14-2: Artificial Intelligence and Machine Learning

Track 14-3: Cognitive Assessment Tools

Track 14-4: Biomarkers

Track 14-5: Neuroimaging

Although dementia currently has no known cure, there are a number of treatments that can help control symptoms, improve quality of life, and potentially delay the disease's progression. These treatments include medications like cholinesterase inhibitors and memantine, which can improve cognitive function and behavior. Exercise, social engagement, and cognitive stimulation therapy are examples of non-medical techniques that can be beneficial. Crucial components of dementia care also include providing supportive care, addressing underlying medical issues, and adjusting medication.

Track 15-1: Experimental Therapies

Track 15-2: Dietary Interventions

Track 15-3: Supportive Care

Track 15-4: Non-Pharmacological Interventions

Track 15-5: Pharmacological Interventions

A progressive loss of cognitive function brought on by a number of circumstances is known as dementia. Given that the chance of acquiring dementia rises with age, age is a significant risk factor. A family history of dementia is one example of a genetic component that could play a role. Diet, exercise, and mental stimulation are examples of lifestyle decisions that can impact risk. Vascular dementia is more likely to occur in those with diabetes, high blood pressure, and heart disease. Adopting a healthy lifestyle that includes regular exercise, a balanced diet, and cognitive activities can help reduce the risk even if there is no known solution. In order to control symptoms and reduce the progression of the condition, early diagnosis and action are essential.

Track 16-1: Environmental Factors

Track 16-2: Vascular Risk Factors

Track 16-3: Lifestyle Factors

Track 16-4: Genetic Factors

Track 16-5: Age-Related Changes

Improving the quality of life for people with dementia and those who care for them requires dementia care, awareness, and practice. A multidisciplinary approach is necessary for effective care, with an emphasis on symptom management, behavioral difficulties, and support. Raising awareness is essential for lowering stigma, promoting early detection, and enabling prompt intervention. Understanding dementia, seeking early medical examination, and getting the appropriate care can help people and families deal with this challenging illness more successfully.

Track 17-1: Environmental Factors

Track 17-2: Vascular Risk Factors

Track 17-3: Lifestyle Factors

Track 17-4: Genetic Factors

Track 17-5: Age-Related Changes

Advances in dementia diagnosis have significantly improved early detection and precision. Early indicators of neurodegeneration can be found with the help of neuroimaging techniques such as MRI and PET scans, which provide crucial information about the structure and function of the brain. Biomarkers, such as tau and amyloid beta proteins, can be found in blood or cerebrospinal fluid to monitor the course of a disease. Cognitive testing and neuropsychological examinations also aid in identifying certain deficiencies and assessing cognitive capacities. Combining these methods allows medical professionals to identify patients more accurately and implement interventions early, which may help halt the disease's course.

Track 18-1: Atypical Presentations

Track 18-2: Novel Treatment Approaches

Track 18-3: Case Series

Track 18-4: Case Reports in Specific Subtypes of Dementia

Track 18-5: Case Reports in Special Populations